Common Causes of Lower Back Pain

Lumbar Muscle Strain

Often caused by poor posture, heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, or sudden movements. Symptoms include stiffness, aching, and reduced mobility.

Lumbar Disc Herniation

A bulging or ruptured disc in the lower spine that may compress nearby nerves, causing back pain and sometimes pain radiating into the leg (commonly referred to as sciatica).

Sciatica

Irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, leading to pain radiating from the lower back into the buttock and leg, sometimes accompanied by numbness or tingling.

Facet Joint Pain

Inflammation or degeneration of the small joints in the spine, often causing localized lower back pain that worsens with extension or twisting movements.

Degenerative Disc Disease

Age-related wear and tear of the spinal discs, resulting in chronic back stiffness and discomfort.

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Dysfunction

Pain arising from the joint connecting the spine to the pelvis, often felt on one side of the lower back.

Symptoms of Lower Back Pain

• Persistent aching or stiffness in the lower back

• Pain radiating to the buttock or leg

• Muscle spasms

• Difficulty standing upright or bending

• Increased pain with prolonged sitting or lifting

Diagnostic Assessment

• Detailed clinical examination

• Diagnostic ultrasound scan (where appropriate)

• Imaging such as MRI in selected cases

• Functional assessment to identify contributing factors

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for targeted treatment.

Treatment Options for Lower Back Pain

Conservative Management

• Activity modification

• Short-term use of anti-inflammatory medications (if appropriate)

• Heat or ice therapy (under clinician guidance)

• Ergonomic and posture advice

Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation

• Core strengthening exercises

• Flexibility and mobility training

• Manual therapy techniques

• Postural correction programs

• Guided home exercise plans

Injection Therapy

• Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections for facet joint pain

• Nerve root injections for radicular pain (sciatica)

• Trigger point injections for muscle-related pain

Advanced Treatment

• Manipulation under anaesthesia in selected chronic cases

• Surgery in severe cases where conservative treatments fail

Why Early Treatment Matters

Untreated lower back pain can become chronic and significantly reduce quality of life. Early intervention helps relieve pain, restore function, and prevent recurrence.

If you are experiencing persistent lower back pain, consult a qualified healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your condition.